Wednesday, March 1, 2017

Yoga & Prayer?

Why Yoga and Prayer?
Prayer
Marjorie Thompson in her book Soul Feast says, “The spiritual life has to do with how God relates to us and how we in turn relate to God. Prayer is the essential expression of this relationship.”[1] Richard Foster in his classic work on spiritual disciplines, Celebration of Discipline writes, “Prayer catapults us onto the frontier of the spiritual life. Of all the Spiritual Disciplines, prayer is the most central because it ushers us into perpetual communion with [God].”[2]
Prayer is our connection to God; prayer is communication and communion with God. Prayer is what brings us into alignment with God’s will and is how God’s grace transforms our lives. Foster writes of this transformation. “In prayer, real prayer, we begin to think God’s thoughts after [God]: to desire the things [God] desires, to love the things [God] loves, to will the things [God] wills. Progressively, we are taught to see things from [God’s] point of view.”[3] Knowing that prayer is a learning process can free us to grow and gives us the liberty to experiment by trying different forms of prayer.
Paul writes in Romans 8:26 that the Holy Spirit helps us in our weakness and intercedes with sighs too deep for words. With this scripture in mind, we might can see that prayer engages us in the conversation that is already going on deep in our hearts. We can then align our thoughts with what is already happening deep in our hearts.[4] 
When we talk of prayer as communion, we are acknowledging that prayer has a relational component that goes beyond visible actions and embodies a dimension that cannot be contained in words. The primary expression of prayer as communion is contemplation which is about experiencing God’s presence.  We recognize the presence of God in our lives while quieting ourselves and opening our spirits to God.
Thomas Merton said: “The great thing is prayer. Prayer itself. If you want a life of prayer, the way to get it is by praying…. You start where you are and you deepen what you already have.”[5] When we live a life of prayer, prayer is not an end in itself. Rather, persistence in prayer is what brings our spirits into alignment with God’s Spirit.
Prayer that is contemplative in nature and which draws us closer to God in not incompatible with the tradition of Yoga. Let us look closer at what Yoga is and then we can see how the two might intersect.
Yoga
In common usage in the United States, yoga is understood to be a form of exercise that involves a variety of poses and postures that are practiced while controlling one’s breathing.  Yoga is viewed as a form of physical fitness that will improve one’s physical health.
           However, a study of yoga reveals the spiritual nature of the yoga practice. The word yoga comes from the Sanskrit root yuj which means “to join” or “to yoke.”  What is being yoked or joined is the individual with the universal Self.  B.K.S. Iyengar says,
“The union results in a pure and perfect state of consciousness in which the feeling of ‘I’ simply does not exit. Prior to this union is the union of the body with the mind, and the mind with the self. Yoga is thus a dynamic, internal experience with integrates the body, the senses, the mind and the intelligence, with the self.”[6]

According to Swami Jnaneshvara Bharati (Swami J), “As the goal, the word Yoga is virtually one and the same with the word Samadhi, the deep, transcendent realization of the highest truth or reality.”[7]  
            As Swami J further explains the nature of Yoga practice, traditional understanding of yoga is not about physical fitness or health. Although practicing yoga may lead to increased health, this is not the primary purpose. In fact, Yoga can be understood to be a spiritual practice which includes a physical component. [8]
Yoga & Prayer
            For some Christians, this inclusion of a spiritual practice may raise red flags as to what sort of spirituality might be practiced. As Candy Gunther Brown seems to conclude in The Healing Gods: Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Christian America, because yoga has come from another religious tradition, Christians should be cautious when taking up a practice of yoga.[9] Yet, other Christian scholars have concluded that “yoga functions as a source of a wide range of meanings and functions….. Symbols, practices, and ideas vary across yoga studios and ashrams within the United States alone, thus illustrating that the quest for the essence of yoga is an impossible task.”[10]  When the goal of yoga is described as the union of “the little self and the True Self,”[11] we might see yoga spirituality as compatible with the Christian tradition of contemplation. Prayer in this tradition would be about knowledge of the Divine that cannot be contained in words while experiencing the presence of God.[12] The breath control that comes with continued yoga practice can help Christians to quiet their minds “and allow one to focus more pointedly on the experience of prayer or worship, opening them to perceive the presence of God more fully.”[13]
In his book Praying with the Body: Bringing the Psalms to Life, Roy DeLeon writes, “When the body participates fully in our spiritual journey, our relationship with all of creation and with God our Creator is enriched.”[14] DeLeon reminds us that the Christian tradition has engaged in physical postures during worship including kneeling, standing, making the sign of the cross, bowing of heads, and raising of arms.  Some monastic orders have even included lying face down on the floor as a gesture of thanksgiving, penitence or reverence.[15]
Combining the reading of scriptures with traditional yoga poses while also engaging in a contemplative form of prayer can be spiritually enriching and deepen our experience of God in our lives. In some cases, we can actually embody the words of scripture through physical postures and therefore cultivate an incarnate experience of God.  We can pray with our entire body and experience God at work in our body, heart, and soul.



[1]  Marjorie J. Thompson, Soul Feast: An invitation to the Christian Spiritual Life (Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1995), p. 31
[2] Richard J. Foster, Celebration of Discipline: The Path to Spiritual Growth (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1978), p. 33. 
[3] Foster, p. 33-4.
[4] Thompson, p. 31.
[5] Thompson, p.49.
[6] Iyengar, B. K.S. Yoga: The Path to  Holistic Health  New York: DK Publishing, 2001, p. 46
[7] http://www.swamij.com/yoga.htm Swami J is someone I know personally and have attended a study at his Ashram.
[8] Ibid.
[9] Brown, Candy Gunther, The Healing Gods: Complementary and Alternative medicine in Christian America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), p. 65.
[10] Jain, Andrea R., “Who Is to Say Modern Yoga Practitioners Have It All Wrong? On Hindu Origins and Yogaphobia” in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, June 2014, Vol. 82, No. 2, p. 459  
[11] SwamiJ
[13] Sheveland, John N, “Is Yoga Religious?” in Christian Century. June 14, 2011, p 23
[14] Deleon, Roy, Ob|SB.  Praying with the Body: Bringing the Psalms to Life. Paraclete Press: Brewster, Massachusetts, 2009. p. xii
[15] Ibid., xiv.